Research projects

Augusto Giacometti. Instability of Lead Pigments in Paintings of the Florentine Period (1907–1915)

Led by
Karoline Beltinger, Alessandra Vichi
Team
Silja Meyer, Stéphanie Vuillemenot, Karin Wyss
Duration
2024–2027

Colour - as an optical phenomenon - was and is of paramount importance to the art of Augusto Giacometti (1877-1947). This makes it even more worrying that the colours of many of his paintings, particularly those from the Florentine period, have drastically changed and continue to change.

The fact that degradation and discoloration processes of paint layers can lead to changes in colour tones has long been known in the field of art technology and cultural heritage analysis, but such processes are still not fully understood.

In a previous study, SIK-ISEA was able to obtain some initial information about the tube colours used in Giacometti's works showing discolouration and the possible causes of these changes. Investigations will continue as part of the research project launched in 2024, with a focus on lead-containing pigments, which appear to play a key role in the discolouration of the paint layers. The starting point for the project is the work ‘Farbkreis’ (Colour Wheel, c. 1907, oil paint on prepared canvas), the Colour Wheel that Giacometti used as a tool to compose with colours, where the phenomenon of discolouration is highly visible.

Emil Bleuler, Augusto Giacometti squeezing a tube of paint in his studio in Zurich, 1945, photograph (detail). Paint tubes of the manufacturers Lefranc & Cie (grey arrow) and Talens & Cie (white arrow) are visible.

Augusto Giacometti, Farbkreis (Colour Circle), ca. 1907, oil painting on canvas, 69.5 x 68 cm, Stiftung für Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte, Winterthur. A section of Farbkreis was examined with the XRF-RS scanner. The images in figures 3–6 show XRF maps of the distribution of selected elements detected (black-white colour scale, where light grey/white represents where the element is strongly present).

Light green and yellow-brown sectors are bright in the XRF map of lead, indicating the presence of lead pigments.

Areas where the primer is visible are bright in the XRF map of zinc, indicating that it contains zinc pigments.

Some colour sectors, in which lead has already been detected, are light grey or white in the XRF map of cadmium; thus, pigments containing both lead and cadmium appear to be present.

The XRF map of chromium indicates that dark green sectors contain chromium pigments.

The project is supported by:

  • Werner Abegg-Fonds, Riggisberg